Din moment ce nu ai comentat decat despre ce a zis despre scrisorile lui Einstein, probabil ca nu ai citit pana jos
Problems with the theoryIsostasy
Another significant problem for ECD comes from a more modern understanding of geologic processes, specifically isostasy. Whereas Einstein and Hapgood considered the crust to be rigid, we now know that as ice builds up on a land mass, that the land mass is pushed down into the mantle. In fact parts of North America and Europe are still rebounding from the last ice age.
ECD fails to take isostasy into account, and the 'tipping point' of centrifugal force is never reached because of it. As more ice builds up, the farther down the continents under the ice are pushed, significantly decreasing the torque provided by centrifugal force.
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonic theory arose out of the hypothesis of continental drift proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912[1] and expanded in his 1915 book The Origin of Continents and Oceans. He suggested that the present continents once formed a single land mass that drifted apart, thus releasing the continents from the Earth's core and likening them to "icebergs" of low density granite floating on a sea of denser basalt.
Without detailed evidence and a force sufficient to drive the movement, the theory was not generally accepted: the Earth might have a solid crust and a liquid core, but there seemed to be no way that portions of the crust could move around. Later science supported theories proposed by English geologist Arthur Holmes in 1920 that plate junctions might lie beneath the sea and Holmes' 1928 suggestion of convection currents within the mantle as the driving force.
The first evidence that the lithospheric plates did move came with the discovery of variable magnetic field direction in rocks of differing ages, first revealed at a symposium in Tasmania in 1956. Initially theorized as an expansion of the global crust, later collaborations developed the plate tectonic theory, which accounted for spreading as the consequence of new rock upwelling, but avoided the need for an expanding globe by recognizing subduction zones and conservative translation faults. It was at this point that Wegener's theory became generally accepted by the scientific community. Additional work on the association of seafloor spreading and magnetic field reversals by Harry Hess and Ron G. Mason pinpointed the precise mechanism which accounted for new rock upwelling.
Following the recognition of magnetic anomalies defined by symmetric, parallel stripes of similar magnetization on the seafloor on either side of a mid-ocean ridge, plate tectonics quickly became broadly accepted. Simultaneous advances in early seismic imaging techniques in and around Wadati-Benioff zones together with many other geologic observations soon made plate tectonics a theory with extraordinary explanatory and predictive power, much more so that Hapgood's ECD.
Study of the deep ocean floor was critical to development of the theory; the field of deep sea marine geology accelerated in the 1960s. Correspondingly, plate tectonic theory was developed during the late 1960s and has since been accepted by almost all scientists throughout all geoscientific disciplines. The theory revolutionized the Earth sciences, explaining a diverse range of geological phenomena and their implications in other studies such as paleogeography and paleobiology.
ECD Replaced
The new observations from the deep ocean floor, including expansion zones and subduction zones, sounds a death-knell for ECD. ECD requires that the earth's crust be rigid, and that it move as a whole body over the inner layers. We now know that the plates move, and subduct under each other, so the earth's crust is not rigid enough to support ECD. We have even used GPS technology to measure the rates that the plates move.
Cum am zis, Hapgood e obsolete, tot ce s-a descoperit deja in Paleomagnetism, paleogeografie, paleoclimatologie il contrazice. Pana si Lucia si-a dat seama de asta si a scris.
Lucia N a scris:"
ÎCercetările ulterioare cu privire lapaleoclimatologieșistraturile de gheațădin Antarctica au discreditat complet interpretările lui Hapgood că o perioadă caldă în Antarctica a coincis cu ultima perioadă glaciară din emisfera nordică și că orice parte a ei a fost lipsită de gheață înainte de anul 9.600 î.e.n. (aprox. acum 11600 ani).[8][9][10] "


