Lessons in English

OK, am stat azi noapte si m-am gandit, printre altele, la discutia despre topicul cu orele de engleza. Sa il mut nu se poate, este parte integranta din Scoala Roportal si acolo trebuie sa ramana. In masura in care 'elevii' au intrebari, voi incerca sa raspund la ele.

Dar sa imi bat capul cu "lectii" ca sa vina Pamela Anderson sa ma faca 'pauvre b

Lesson 2 - Vocabulary

lectie de sezon (si numai pentru ca ma plictisesc la lucru)

Season's Greetings! - Sarbatori fericite! (mot-a-mot: "urari de sezon" - include si Craciunul si Anul Nou)

Merry Christmas! - Craciun fericit!

Happy New Year! - An nou fericit!

Nativity - Nasterea (Nativity scene este reconstruirea scenei Nasterii Domnului in iesle)

Christmas Eve - Ajunul Craciunului

carols - colinde

Santa Claus - Mos Craciun

presents - cadouri

Christmas tree - pom de Craciun

fir tree - brad

sleigh - sanie

reindeer - ren

mistletoe - vasc

Pe renii lui Mos Craciun ii cheama Rudolph, Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Donner, Blitzen, Cupid si Comet.

Lesson 3 - Grammar

IF Clauses, continuare

Real Condition - Unreal Condition

Este clasificarea IF-Clause-urilor in functie de posibilitatea indeplinirii conditiei.

Real Condition

(cele care corespund tipului I)

Exemplul era If you like literature, you read books. Il vom schimba cu If you like literature, you buy books pentru ca read este verb neregulat care nu isi schimba forma la trecut si participiu.

Evident, propozitia poate fi trecuta si la alte timpuri:

If you like literature, you buy books.

- Conditie reala in prezent: Daca iti place literatura, cumperi carti.

If you liked literature, you bought books.

- Conditie reala in trecut: Daca ti-a placut literatura, ai cumparat carti.

If you like literature, you will buy/are going to buy books.

- Conditie reala in viitor: Daca iti va placea literatura, vei cumpara carti (nu se foloseste "will" in propozitia IF).

Unreal Condition (tipul II si III)

If you had liked literature, you would have bought books.

- Conditie ireala in trecut: Daca ti-ar fi placut literatura, ai fi cumparat carti. (type II)

If you liked literature, you would read books (today).

- Conditie ireala in prezent: Daca ti-ar placea literatura, ai cumpara carti (astazi). (type III)

If you liked literature, you would read books (next year).

- Conditie ireala in viitor: Daca ti-ar placea literatura, ai cumpara carti (anul viitor). (type III)

Mixed Conditionals

Secventa temporala "uzuala" poate diferi, in functie de timpul actiunii in ceea ce se numesc mixed conditionals, tocmai pentru ca "amesteca" timpurile verbelor din tipul II si III.

Past --> Present

If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now.

Past --> Future

If I had known that you are going to come by tomorrow, I would be in then.

Present --> Past

If she had enough money, she could have done this trip to Hawaii.

Present --> Future

If I were you, I would be spending my vacation in Seattle.

Future --> Past

If I weren't flying to Detroit, I would have planned a trip to Vancouver.

Future --> Present

If I were taking this exam next week, I would be high-strung.

Alte expresii conditionale, in afara de IF:

as long as

assuming (that)

on condition (that)

on the assumption (that)

provided (that)

supposing (that)

unless

with the condition (that)

De asemenea IF, poate fi omis:

Had you liked literature... (in loc de If you had liked literature...)

Poate fi inlocuit cu when doar in cazul unor generalitati, la fel ca in limba romana.

Daca incalzesti gheata, se topeste. --- If you warm ice, it melts.

Cand incalzesti gheata, se topeste. --- When you warm ice, it melts.

Propozitia conditionala poate fi inlocuita si prin folosirea expresiei in case of:

If there is an emergency, ring the bell. --- In case of emergency, ring the bell.

Cam atat cu If-Clauses Exercitii si teste se gasesc aici.

Lesson 4 - Vocabulary (sort of...)

White Christmas

(Craciun Alb)

I'm dreaming of a white Christmas

(Visez la un Craciun alb)

Just like the ones I used to know

(Exact ca cele pe care le stiam odata)

Where the treetops glisten,

(Cand varfurile copacilor lucesc)

and children listen

(Si copiii asculta)

To hear sleigh bells in the snow

(Sa auda clopotei de sanie in zapada)

I'm dreaming of a white Christmas

(Visez la un Craciun alb)

With every Christmas card I write

(Cu fiecare felicitare de Craciun pe care o scriu)

May your days be merry and bright

(Fie ca zilele voastre sa fie vesele si luminoase)

And may all your Christmases be white

(Si fie ca toate Craciunurile voastre sa fie albe)

to dream of = a visa la

I used to = obisnuiam sa (ex. I used to go swimming every day, but then the pool closed. I used to speak French, but I forgot a lot. I used to read a lot, but then my eyesight failed)

may se foloseste in urari cu sensul de "fie": May you live a long happy life. May you never regret your choice. May you return soon.

Lesson 5

Greseli frecvente

Exista o serie de greseli in limba engleza care sunt destul de frecvente la vorbitorii de limba romana, multe din ele datorate chiar traducerii din romana.

cuvinte traduse dupa ureche (preferatele traducatorilor de la protv )

agreement inseamna 'intelegere', 'acord'. to reach an agreement = a ajunge la o intelegere. in nici un caz nu inseamna agrement.

eventually inseamna 'in final' (at an unspecified later time; in the end), nu eventual.

expresii

Pentru exprimarea varstei, expresia corecta este I am 6 years old, nu I have 6 years. ("How old are you?" "I'm 20").

Ai dreptate / Te inseli se traduce cu You are right / You are wrong, nu cu You have right/wrong.

"Judy se marita cu John" se traduce Judy marries John si nu Judy marries with John.

Similar, "Judy este maritata cu John" este Judy is married to John, nu with John.

O alta greseala frecventa este scrierea adjectivelor care se termina cu -ful cu dublu L. In timp ce full (plin) se scrie cu doi L, adjectivele respective se scriu cu unul singur:

beautiful, delightful, stressful, resourceful.

Si, in fine, o greseala de gramatica la a carei perpetuare a contribuit din plin si simpaticul Tweety cu faimosul sau "I did saw a pussy cat" care este.... gresit :)

forme de verb compuse cu "to do" la trecut:

interogativ:

Did you see a pussycat?

negativ:

I didn't see a pussycat.

afirmativ:

I did see a pussycat.

Forma cu "to do" serveste ca o intarire, o subliniere. Forma "normala" este I saw a pussycat.

Cand se foloseste forma cu verb auxiliar, doar auxiliarul se conjuga, iar verbul in sine ramane la infinitiv.

Cam astea sunt cele care imi vin acuma in minte :)

Daca mai 'descopar'... mai postez.

.... si tot cu 1 sau 2 L.

already, nu allready

(= deja)

Have you had lunch already? It is already late to call now.

alright, nu allright.

Are you feeling alright?

sau

Are you feeling all right?

(cred ca prima este varianta A.E. - American English - si a doua B.E. - British English -, dar nu bag mana in foc)

truly, sincerely, honestly, perfectly, comfortably si alte asemenea adverbe formate prin adaugarea sufixului -ly tot cu un singur l.

I truly appreciate your help.

Sincerely, yours...

Comfortably numb.

I am perfectly aware of that.

I am ok. Honestly.

Aceste adverbe se scriu cu doi L doar cand sufixul se adauga unui adjectiv care se termina in L, cum sunt sus-numitele adjective in -ful: beautiful - beautifully.

This image is beautiful.

This image is beautifully drawn.

LEARN Proper Use of english! http://www.nailmaster.ru/fuck.html :P

Lectii...

Pe dictionare.com exista un dictionar online.

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Gabi